Đặt stent trong bệnh lý tăng huyết áp thứ phát do hẹp eo động mạch chủ
Tóm tắt
Tăng huyết áp do bệnh hẹp eo động mạch chủ là một dạng tăng huyết áp thứ phát do bệnh lý bẩm sinh hẹp eo động mạch chủ gây nên. Bệnh hẹp eo động mạch chủ chiếm tỷ lệ 6-8% các bệnh lý tim bẩm sinh. Biểu hiện lâm sàng tùy theo mức độ hẹp tại eo động mạch chủ, từ những triệu chứng rất nặng sau sinh đến dạng hầu như không có triệu chứng ở trẻ vị thành niên hay người lớn. Huyết áp tăng chủ yếu phần trên cơ thể, phần dưới có thể mất mạch hoặc mạch yếu, huyết áp thấp. Cơ chế tăng huyết áp trong hẹp eo động mạch chủ có thể phức tạp, không chỉ đơn thuần liên quan đến cơ học. Tổn thương hẹp eo động mạch chủ có thể phát hiện bằng siêu âm tim, chụp cộng hưởng từ hạt nhân hay động mạch chủ có cản quang xác minh chẩn đoán. Hơn một thập kỷ qua, với nhiều bước tiến lớn trong việc cải tiến dụng cụ can thiệp, việc can thiệp đặt stent động mạch chủ ở bệnh nhân tăng huyết áp do hẹp eo động mạch chủ đạt được tỷ lệ thành công cao. Không chỉ ở người lớn, trẻ nhỏ và người mắc bệnh lý nội khoa nặng được can thiệp đặt stent ngày càng nhiều. Chúng tôi xin trân trọng chia sẻ những kinh nghiệm điều trị trong 3 trường hợp tăng huyết áp thứ phát do hẹp eo động mạch chủ nặng được can thiệp đặt stent động mạch chủ
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